Role of Art and Culture in UPSC and Other State PSC SSC & Banking GK

Religions in India - Hinduism

Introduction

Art and Culture plays a vital role for Exams like IAS, State PSC, SSC and other similar competitive exams.

India has been a land or spirituality, morality and faith. Many religions have thrived in India during same era. Even today people from different faiths and cults live together in India. Major religions in India are:

·Hinduism

·Islam

·Buddhism

·Jainism

Other religions in India are:

·Sikhism

·Christianity

·Zoroastrianism

·Judaism

·Vedic Literature

There are two categories:

·Shruti

·Samriti

Shruti: It means ‘heard’. It consists of revelation and unquestionable truth. The sacred text of Hinduism includes:

·Vedas

·Brahmas

·Aryankas

·Upnishads

Smiriti: It means ‘which is remembered’. It includes:

Vedanga, Shad Darsana, Puranas, Itihasa

Upveda, Tantras, Angamas, Upangas.

Older Vedas excluding Atharveda are called Trey i.e. Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda.

Essential features of the Vedas are:

·Rigveda: it includes hymnsand Gayatri.

·Samaveda: it is rhythmic compilation of hymns.

·Yajurveda: it includes sacrificial and ritual prayers of yajnas.

The two primary versions of Yajurveda are Shukla (White) and Krishna (Black).

·Atharveda: it contains magic spells; early traditions of healing and magic.

It mentions of Dhanvantri , he is earliest medical person.

·Samhitas: it contains hymns.

·Brahmanas: it contains prose texts explaining hymns in Vedas, explanation and application of hymns.

·Aryankas: it was written in forests and it is the concluding part of Brahmanas.

It contains philosophy and mysticism i.e. moral science.

It also contains the details of Rishis who lived in jungles.

·Upanishads: it means ’sitting down near’. It is also called as ’Vedanta’.

It was compiled during the last phase of vedic period and was taught at end to the disciples.

‘Knowledge Awards Salvation’ was the main motto of Upanishads.

Muktika was the main (mukhya) of all the old Upanishads .

The 108 Upanishads are called Muktika.

The First and largest Upanishad is called Virhat Aryanka. It’s a discourse between Yajnavalyaka and Gargi on philosophical aspects of Dharma.

Aum is contained in Chandyuga Upnishad.

Katha Upnishad is a dialogue between Yama and Nachiketa (it contains questions about Atma and Parmatma).

Hinduism

Some features of Hinduism are:

·It is one of biggest religions in India.

·The word Hinduismcame from the word Hindu, which was used by western people to refer to people living across river Indus.

·In ancient India, Hinduism included various religious sacrifices and offerings and puja to please the Gods. As a result, Hinduism as a religion became very expensive and highly ritualistic.

·In medieval India, Hinduism went through Bhakti movement in North India where the Sanskrit texts were translated in vernacular languages by the saints and the message of Bhakti and God was delivered to the masses.

·In modern India, large scale change in the practices of Hinduism were brought. For example, derogatory practices like Sati, untouchability or child marriages were abolished. The Hinduism was influenced by the western ideas of equality, dignity and freedom of thought and expression.

·We learn about Hinduism through the Vedic literature.

Basic component of Hindu Philosophy

·Karma

·Dharma

·Soul

·Parmatma

Two streams of Hinduism

·Orthodox: it believed in Vedas and ultimate source of knowledge. Sanatan view

·Heterodox: it was more liberal, included lokayatta philosophy, Upnishads, Sankhya, Yoga and Adwait.

Vedic India Philosophy Schools

Some of the important Vedic Indian Philosophy Schools:

Shaddarshana: it has definite ideas and philosophies about true nature of soul and cosmic principle or Brahman i.e. ultimate reality.

Samkhya System: Kapila wrote Samkhya- Sutra.

It doesn’t recognize god.

Some of the features of Samkhya system are:

Prakriti(thought) and Purusha(consciousness)

Dukha, Karma, discipline and liberation through real knowledge.

Yoga: Patanjali wrote Yogasutra.

Yoga is considered as the union of two principal entities.

Some of the features of Yogasutra are:

To control mind, body senses, self-control (Yama), observation of rules (niyama), fixed postures (asana)

Breath control (pranayama), choosing object (pratyahara), fix mind (dharna), concentration (dhyana), mind and object dissolution of self (samadhi).

Nyaya: Guatama wrote Nyaya-Sutras.

It was a proponent of Logical thinking.

Vaisheshika: Kanada wrote Vaisheshika.

He gave the concept of smallest particle called Kana.

It contains realistic and objective philosophy of universe.

It talks about five basic atomic elements: Earth, water, air, fire and ether.

Purva Mimamsa: Jamini wrote it.

It contains the analysis of interpretation, application and use of text of Samhita and Brahmana portions of Veda.

According to it Vedas are eternal.

Uttar Mimamsa or Vedantic Philosophy: it implies philosophy of Upanishad.

It rejects the rituals and propounded philosophy of atma-parmatma.

It was written by Bhadrayana but popularised by Adi Shankaracharya who also wrote commentaries on Upanishads, Brahmasutra and Bhagvad Gita.

Charvaka School: It was founded by Brihaspati.

It deals with materialistic philosophy.

Also called Lokayata philosophy i.e. philosophy of the masses.

It didn’t believe in the Vedas.

The whole universe is made of four elements therefore, leaves no trace after death. There is no world and death is the end and the ultimate pleasure.

Due to its rejection of the Hinduism, it is called Nastik School.

It doesn’t recognize ether, God, soul and heaven as it cannot be perceived.

Other traditions popular during the Ancient and the Medieval Period is:

Ajiwika

It was popular during the same time as Buddhism and till 14^th century.

It was founded by Gosala Maskariputra.

It believes in Niyati (destiny) i.e. everything which happens is pre-determined. It did not believe in Karma.

Asoka built Lomus Caves in Barbara Hill near Bodh Gaya for them.

Need of Reforms in Hinduism

There were many problems within Hinduism that led to Bhakti movement and Brahmo movement. Some of the problems within Hinduism were:

·Domination of the Brahamans who themselves led a degenerated and corrupt moral life.

·Rigid caste system was prevalent.

·Irrelevant rituals and religious practices that were out of reach for common man.

·Various social dogmas like sati system and child marriages.

·These loopholes in Hinduism gave rise to other religions and also paved way for Bhakti movement.

The Brahmo Movement

·Raja Ram Mohan Roy started questioning the issues and dogmas in Hinduism.

·He started Brahmo Samaj in 1828.

·He rejected iconography i.e. use of idols for worship.

·He abolished Sati pratha.

·After his death, Devendranath Tagore took over the mission.

·Another member, Keshabchandra Sen advocated against child marriage, polygamy and caste system.

 

Ramakrishna Mission

·It was established in 1897.

·It advocated supreme devotion to god.

·Its philosophy included: Spread the Vedantic spirituality, strive for harmonious existence of all world religions and to consider the service to mankind as a service to god.

·Swami Vivekananda was a major follower.

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Indian Economy- Economic System of the World and India

Intoduction

Economic system or economic order is a set up according to which societies and government organizes means of production, resource allocation and distribution of goods and services to the society or a given geographical area.

Indian economic system is an example of the mixed economic system.

Economic System of the world

Economic system of the world can be broadly classified into the following 3 categories:

1. Capitalistic Economic System
2. Socialistic Economic System
3. Mixed Economic System

Capitalistic Economic System

Capitalist Economic System is also known as Laissez-faire, means leave me alone. (Name given by Merchandise class).

• It is also called Marketed Economic System.
• In this system, the Means of Productions are owned by Private individuals.
• Market Forces (i.e., Demand and Supply) play vital role.
• Consumer is in powerful condition (King Like condition) in this system.
• Democracy is Stronger under this system.

Criticism

• Centralization of Capital
• Possibility of negligence of Public Welfare
• Possibility of Class – Conflict between industries and labourers as their interests are different.
• Sometimes Inflation, Unemployment and Recession like macro-Economic challenges become serious.

Socialistic Economic System

Under Socialist Economic system, Means of Production, distribution and price determination is controlled by the Government.

• This system is based upon the ideology of Social-Justice and Equality.
• Since the system is too much controlled therefore it is not much popular and is adopted by very few countries of the world. i.e., China, Cuba, North Korea, etc.

 

Mixed Economic System

In Mixed-Economic system, both Public Sector and Private Sector run side by side.

• Generally Public Welfare production activity is controlled by the Government (i.e., Education, Health, etc) while the production of Consumer Goods is handed to Private Sector.

Indian economic system is divided into 2 phases –

1. 1948 – 1990
2. 1990 to till now

During first phase Government policies were oriented towards Socialistic views because Government was concerned about Centralisation of Capital, therefore strict rules and regulations were adopted.

The year 1990 was the year of Economic Crisis for India, that took place for the first time after Independence and it was the crisis of foreign currency (i.e., Balance of Payment (BOP) crisis)

In order to control the situation, in 1991 comprehensive economic reforms were started, which was popularly known as LPG reforms. (Liberalisation, Privatization, Globalisation) and it is still going on.

As a result the element of market become dominant in Indian Economy and Mixed Economic system has been somewhat changed and it could be better expressed as – ‘Market Oriented-Planned Mixed’ economic system.

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What is Socialism: Definition and Types

About 200 years ago, when industry was revolutionized and new inventions and developments were made, it brought a drastic change in the economic and political world. People who owned the industries or who were wealthy started to become wealthier day by day whereas the workers and poor started getting poorer day by day. That was the time, when a new concept, Socialismwas emerged and as the name itself suggests, it aimed at achieving equality for all of the society. This concept advocated the distribution of means of production among everyone and talked about an egalitarian society.

Definition- Socialism may be considered as a political philosophy which says that all people in a society share equal status and they shall be given equitable ownership of the means of production in the state. It is an ideology preferring shared ownership of resources over individual ownership and it believes in the collective development of society.

Types of Socialism- Socialism has been given dozens of names over the past few years, however only few of them remain to be remarkable-

• Utopian Socialism- This was the kind of Socialism that was presented before any other type of Socialism in front of the world. This type is based on a presumption that if the wealthiest agree to renounce their wealth to distribute among the poor, world will achieve the best version of Socialism. However, this is not practically possible to achieve, therefore it is coined as Utopian Socialism.
• Democratic Socialism- Democratic Socialism believes that the socialism must be achieved democratically. In simple words, it states that the means of production and economical resources should be managed by the government elected by people.
• Market socialism- This socialism advocates that the means of production must be managed by market forces instead of the government and their allocation must be done among the market itself.
• Revolutionary socialism- It says that Socialism can only be achieved after revolution. This socialism refuses to believe that equality can be achieved peacefully.
• Green Socialism- This kind of Socialism strives to protect green resources and advocates preservation of natural resources.

Advantages of Socialism- Socialism tends to benefit society in a very vast perspective. Major advantages are listed below-

1. A Society Free of Exploitation- When we talk about Socialism, we talk about distribution of resources among the society. The system of Socialism ensures that no one in the society is exploited and everyone gets a chance to speak in the economical matters. Everyone who has the portion of resources, benefits from it, therefore it helps in creating a welfare society.
2. Economic Growth- Socialism helps in rapid economic growth and economic stability in the country. The concept is to give collective growth to everyone in the society so that no one remains untouched of the wealth. Socialists divide the resources among everyone; it helps to bring stability in the economy.
3. Trustworthy- This kind of economical and political system is trustworthy because everyone participates in the decision making and it has a transparency. People tend to believe that they are getting equal say in the matters of importance and they feel motivated.

Disadvantages of Socialism- Every coin has two sides; similarly, Socialism also has some advantages with some disadvantages.

1. No Economic Freedom- The idea of Socialism depends upon a cooperative pooling of resources by many people. Now, the fact remains that people in a society feel competitiveness in respect to others; therefore, sometimes it is different for those people to show cooperativeness.
2. Lack of Recognition- When a society achieves something collectively, the credit goes to everyone collectively. The people, who contribute more than others are not given their due amount of recognition which somehow demotivates those people.
3. Lack of Authenticity- Socialism, as told before, distributes the resources among everyone. But sometimes, there are people who have negative intentions or there are people who are not so authentic in their functions, it strives lack of authenticity.

Socialism in India

In India, after Independence the makers of the constitutionchoose a socialist society model over the capitalist society model. Because India had recently gained independence from the capitalist colonialism. Also, India was extremely poverty ridden. Thus, for the welfare of the masses, the socialism was chosen.

The Constitution of India included the Directive Principles of State Policy to show the direction in which to governments to come had to work. It pointed towards the welfare socialism.

However, due to license raj and depleting forex reserves, the policy of socialism could not survive for long. And in 1991, the policy of Liberalisation Globalisation and Privatisation was adopted.

Since then, Indian governmenthas adopted a mix of socialism and capitalism. For example, there are government hospitals but there are private hospitals as well. Both work in tandem.

Conclusion

Socialism came in response to the bad repercussions of the capitalism. However, in modern times, it is seen that countries that adopted socialism faced stagnation in economy some years later. Thus, there is no single remedy for the complex nature of the society. Instead, the governments should make use of every possible theory for the welfare of the masses, especially the poorest of poor.

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IBPS RRB Exam- Details and Syllabus

About IBPS RRB Exam

The IBPS conducts Common Recruitment Process (CRP for RRBs - VIII) for eligible candidates, who aspires to join any of the Regional Rural Banks listed at (A) as Group "A”- Officers (Scale-I, II & III)and Group "B”- Office Assistant (Multipurpose). The posts covered under IBPS RRB Exam are given below:

• Officer Scale – I
• Banking Officer Scale – II
• Agriculture Officer (Grade - II)
• Law Officer (Grade - II)
• Chartered Accountant (Grade - II)
• Officer (Grade - III)
• IT Officer (Grade - II)

The exam of IBPS RRB is conducted every year to recruit candidates for various posts in Regional Rural Banks spread across the country.

Eligibility for IBPS RRB exam

A candidate must be either:

• A Citizen of India or
• A subject of Nepal or
• A subject of Bhutan or
• A Tibetan Refugee who came over to India before 1^st January 1962 with the intention of permanently settling in India or
• A person of Indian origin who has migrated from Pakistan, Burma, Sri Lanka, East African countries of Kenya, Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania (formerly Tanganyika and Zanzibar), Zambia, Malawi, Zaire, Ethiopia and Vietnam with the intention of permanently settling in India,

Provided that a candidate belonging to categories 2, 3, 4 and 5 shall be a person n whose favour a certificate of eligibility has been issued by the Government of India.

IBPS RRB Exam Pattern

Under IBPS RRB Exam, for the posts of Officers Scale-I and Office Assistant (Multi-purpose)the Online Examination is held in two phases:

• Preliminary Examination
• Main Examination
• Interview (Only for Officers Scale-I)

For the post of Scale II (Generalist and Specialists) and Scale III,

• Single Online Examination
• Common Interview

The scheme of IBPS PO exam is: Preliminary Examination and Main Examination

Important things to Remember

• Candidates can opt either 4a or 4b.
• There is penalty of one fourth of marks assigned to that question for every wrong answer marked.
• The score obtained by candidates will be normalized.
• For the post of Office Assistant (Multipurpose) marks obtained in the Main Examination will be considered for the final merit listing.
• For the post of Officers Scale-I marks obtained in the Main Examination will be considered for Interview & final merit listing.
• Total marks for Interview: 100
• The relative weightage (ratio) of Online Examination and Interview will be 80:20 respectively for the Officers cadre.

Syllabus for the IBPS RRB Exam

Quantitative Aptitude for IBPS RRB Exam

• Simplification
• Average
• Ratio and Percentage
• Mixture & Alligation
• Profit & Loss
• Simple and Compound Interest
• Partnership
• Mensuration
• Geometry
• Number System
• Quadratic Equations
• Permutation & Combination
• Probability

General Awareness for IBPS RRB Exam

• Current Events
• Indian Economy
• Banking Awareness
• Financial Awareness
• RBI
• Books & Authors
• Sports
• Agriculture
• History of Banking
• Awards and Honours
• Indian History
• Indian Culture
• Indian Geography

Reasoning Aptitude for IBPS RRB Exam

• Verbal and Non- Verbal Reasoning
• Syllogism
• Seating Arrangement
• Directions
• Ordering and Ranking
• Data Sufficiency
• Blood Relations

Computer Aptitude for IBPS RRB Exam

• Internet
• Memory
• Keyboard Shortcuts
• Computer Abbreviation
• Microsoft Office
• Computer Hardware
• Operating System
• Computer Terminologies

English Language for IBPS RRB Exam

• Reading Comprehension
• Vocabulary
• Verbal Awareness
• Cloze test
• Error Correction

Hindi Language for IBPS RRB Exam

• Grammar
• Spelling Checks
• Fill in the Blanks
• Reading Comprehension

Remember that you would clear a government exam only when you know everything related to its syllabus pattern and requirements and no coaching institute can help you in that. You don’t need to join a coaching institute for the preparation, but you must definitely take a test series or mock series so that you are in charge of your preparation. And you will be able to know that whether you need to improve in any subject or are you going well. There are many free online learning sites that provide good quality questions to solve.

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Overview- Details and Syllabus for IBPS Clerk Exam

About IBPS Clerk Exam

IBPS is an autonomous body that conducts the recruitment process of IBPS Clerk exam once every year.

Any eligible candidate who aspires to join as Clerk (CRP Clerk IX) in the participating organisations (Indian Banks) can apply for the IBPS Clerk examination.

The details of the IBPS Clerk examination along with scheme and syllabus of the IBPS Clerk exam are given below.

Eligibility for IBPS Clerk exam

Nationality / Citizenship

A candidate must be either:

1. A Citizen of India or
2. A subject of Nepal or
3. A subject of Bhutan or
4. A Tibetan Refugee who came over to India before 1^st January 1962 with the intention of permanently settling in India or
5. A person of Indian origin who has migrated from Pakistan, Burma, Sri Lanka, East African countries of Kenya, Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania (formerly Tanganyika and Zanzibar), Zambia, Malawi, Zaire, Ethiopia and Vietnam with the intention of permanently settling in India,

Provided that a candidate belonging to categories 2, 3, 4 and 5 shall be a person n whose favour a certificate of eligibility has been issued by the Government of India.

Educational Qualification

• The minimum qualification required for IBPS Clerk exam is Graduation in any discipline from a University recognised by the Govt. of India or any equivalent qualification recognized as such by the Central Government.
• To apply for IBPS Clerk exam, the candidate must possess valid Mark-sheet / Degree Certificate that he/ she is a graduate on the he / she registers and indicate the percentage of marks obtained in Graduation while registering online.
• Computer Literacy: Operating and working knowledge in computer systems is mandatory i.e. candidates should have Certificate/Diploma/Degree in computer operations/Language/ should have studied Computer / Information Technology as one of the subjects in the High School/College/Institute.
• Proficiency in the Official Language: candidates should know how to read/ write and speak the Official Language of the State/UT) for which vacancies a candidate wishes to apply is preferable.

IBPS Clerk Exam Pattern

Any eligible candidate is required to register for the Common Recruitment Process. The IBPS Clerk examination consists of two phases,

• Online Preliminary
• Online Main examination.

IBPS Clerk Exam Syllabus

The exam syllabus of IBPS PO is similar to other banking exams. Based on the previous year questions the topics that are asked for different subjects are given below:

IBPS Clerk Prelims & Mains Syllabus

English Language

• Reading Comprehension
• Cloze Test
• Para Jumbles
• Error Correction
• Sentence Improvement
• Narration

Numerical Ability

• Simplification
• Time & Work
• Time & Distance
• Profit & Loss
• Simple Interest & Compound Interest
• Mensuration
• Data Interpretation
• Ratio & Proportion
• Percentage
• Number Systems

Reasoning Ability

• Logical Reasoning
• Alphanumeric Series
• Data Sufficiency
• Coded Inequalities
• Seating Arrangement
• Puzzle
• Syllogism
• Blood Relations
• Order and Ranking
• Input Output
• Coding Decoding

Computer Awareness

• History and Generation of Computers
• Introduction to Computer Organisation
• Computer Hardware and I/O Devices
• Computer Languages, Basics of DBMS
• Operating System
• MS Office Suit and Short cut keys
• Computer Memory, Computer Software
• Number System and Conversions

General Awareness

• Banking and Insurance Awareness
• Financial Awareness
• Current Affairs
• Govt. Schemes and Policies
• General Knowledge

Important things to remember

• Negative marking: There is penalty of one fourth or 0.25 of the marks assigned to that question.
• Marks obtained in Preliminary exam of IBPS Clerk are not considered for final selection.
• Candidates must qualify Mains examination to be eligible for final merit.
• Marks scored out of 100 are used for the final merit list for each category.

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IBPS PO Exam-Eligibility, Details and Syllabus

About IBPS PO exam

IBPS is an autonomous body that conducts the recruitment process of IBPS PO exam once every year. Any eligible candidate who aspires to join as Probationary Officer/ Management Trainee in the participating organisations can apply for the IBPS PO examination. The details of the IBPS PO examination along with scheme and syllabus of the IBPS PO exam are given below.

Eligibility for IBPS PO exam

Nationality / Citizenship

A candidate must be either:

·A Citizen of India or

·A subject of Nepal or

·A subject of Bhutan or

·A Tibetan Refugee who came over to India before 1^stJanuary 1962 with the intention of permanently settling in India or

·A person of Indian origin who has migrated from Pakistan, Burma, Sri Lanka, East African countries of Kenya, Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania (formerly Tanganyika and Zanzibar), Zambia, Malawi, Zaire, Ethiopia and Vietnam with the intention of permanently settling in India,

Provided that a candidate belonging to categories 2, 3, 4 and 5 shall be a person n whose favour a certificate of eligibility has been issued by the Government of India.

Age Limit for IBPS PO exam

The minimum age limit for IBPS PO exam is 20 years and the maximum age limit for the IBPS PO exam is 30 years.

Educational Qualification

• The minimum qualification required for IBPS PO exam is Graduation in any discipline from a University recognised by the Govt. of India or any equivalent qualification recognized as such by the Central Government.
• The candidate must possess valid Mark-sheet / Degree Certificate that he/ she is a graduate on the he / she registers and indicate the percentage of marks obtained in Graduation while registering online.

 

 

IBPS PO Exam Pattern

• Any eligible candidate is required to register for the Common Recruitment Process (CRP-PO/MT-IX). The IBPS PO examination consists of two phases, Online Preliminary and Online Main examination.
• The candidates who qualifies in Online Preliminary examination and shortlisted appears for Online Main examination and the shortlisted candidates in Online Main examination are subsequently called for a Common Interview.

IBPS PO Syllabus

The exam syllabus of IBPS PO is similar to other banking exams. Based on the previous year questions the topics that are asked for different subjects are given below:

IBPS PO Prelims Syllabus

English Language

• Reading Comprehension
• Cloze Test
• Para Jumbles
• Error Correction
• Narration

Quantitative Ability

• Simplification
• Time & Work
• Time & Distance
• Profit & Loss
• Simple Interest & Compound Interest
• Mensuration
• Data Interpretation
• Ratio & Proportion
• Percentage
• Number Systems
• Probability

Reasoning Ability

• Logical Reasoning
• Alphanumeric Series
• Data Sufficiency
• Coded Inequalities
• Seating Arrangement
• Puzzle
• Tabulation
• Syllogism
• Blood Relations
• Input Output
• Coding Decoding

IBPS PO Main Examination Syllabus

Quantitative Aptitude

• Simplification
• Average
• Ratio and Percentage
• Mixture & Alligation
• Profit & Loss
• Mensuration
• Geometry
• Number System
• Quadratic Equations
• Permutation & Combination
• Probability

General Awareness

• Current Events
• Indian Economy
• Banking Awareness
• Financial Awareness
• Indian History
• Indian Culture
• Indian Geography

Reasoning Aptitude

• Verbal and Non- Verbal Reasoning
• Syllogism
• Seating Arrangement
• Directions
• Ordering and Ranking
• Data Sufficiency
• Blood Relations

Computer Aptitude

• Internet
• Memory
• Keyboard Shortcuts
• Computer Abbreviation
• Microsoft Office
• Computer Hardware
• Operating System
• Computer Terminologies

English Language

• Reading Comprehension
• Vocabulary
• Verbal Awareness
• Cloze test
• Error Correction

 

Important things to remember

Negative marking: There is penalty of one fourth or 0.25 of the marks assigned to that question.

The corrected scores obtained by candidates are normalized using equi-percentile method.

Each candidate will be required to obtain a minimum score in each test of Online Main examination and also a minimum total score to be considered to be shortlisted for interview.

Marks obtained in the Online Main examinationonly is considered for shortlisting for interview and also for final Merit List.

 

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How to fill the online form for SSC CHSL Examination?

Part-I (One-Time Registration):

The following documents are required while registering for the first time for SSC CHSL Examination

• Mobile Number (to be verified through OTP).
• Email ID (to be verified through OTP).
• Aadhaar Number. If Aadhaar Number is not available, please give one of the following ID Numbers. (You will be required to show the original document at a later stage):
• i. Voter ID Card
• PAN
• Passport
• Driving License
• School/ College ID
• Employer ID (Govt./ PSU/ Private)
• Information about the Board, Roll Number and Year of Passing the Matriculation (10th) Examination.
• Scanned colour passport size recent photograph in JPEG format (20 KB to 50 KB). Image dimension of the photograph should be about 3.5 cm (width) x 4.5 cm (height). Applications with blurred photograph will be rejected.
• Disability Certificate Number, if you are a person with benchmark disability.

For One-time Registration, click on "Register Now” link provided in "Login” Section on https://ssc.nic.in.

One-time Registration process requires filling up of following information:

• Basic Details
• Additional Details
• Contact Details
• Uploading of the scanned images of passport size photograph and signature.

Steps for filling up "One-Time Registration Form”

• Provide information about Aadhaar Number / Identity Card and its Number. Critical information like this is to be added twice.
• Fill your name exactly as given in Matriculation (10th Class) Certificate.
• Fill your father’s name, mother’s name and date of birth exactly as given in Matriculation (10th Class) Certificate.
• Other details of Matriculation (10th Class) Examination needed are:
• Name of Education Board
• Roll Number
• Year of passing
• Level of Educational Qualification (Highest).
• Your Mobile Number and your Email ID will be required.
• And other information like your nationality and whether disable or not will be required

After completion of registration process, „Basic Details‟ can be changed only twice. THEREFOR BE EXTREMELY CAUTIOUS WHILE MAKING ONE TIME REGISTRATION.

Part-II (Online Application Form)

• Login to online system through your "Registration Number” and "password”.
• Click "Apply” link in "Combined Higher Secondary Level (10+2) Examination” Section under "Latest Notifications” tab.
• If you want to make correction in any of the basic data, click on "Modify Registration”.
• Give your preference for Examination Centers.
• Select the medium of Typing Test.
• Click "Yes” if you have passed 12th Standard in Science Stream with Mathematics as a subject from a recognized Board or equivalent or else "No”.
• If you are seeking age relaxation, select appropriate age-relaxation category.
• Indicate your highest educational qualification.
• Provide information on whether you belong to Economically Weaker Sections (EWS). This is applicable for only un-reserved candidates.
• Information with regard to Photo & Signature will be filled up automatically from the One-time Registration Data.
• Complete your declaration by clicking on "I agree” check box, fill up captcha code.
• Preview and verify the information provided by you and "Submit” the Application.
• Proceed to make fee payment if you are not exempted from payment of fee.
• When application is successfully submitted, it will be accepted 'Provisionally'.
• Candidate should take printout of the application form for their own records.
• Printout of the 'Application Form' is not required to be submitted to the Commission at any stage.

If you want to develop your skills or improve your academic performance and want to know about the details of competitive Exams then Online Learning Platformshelps you invest time in yourself.

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Top 10 Government E Learning Platforms in India

Coronavirus induced pandemic has forced the shut down of schools and colleges across the country. This has hit hard the students from the middle- and lower-class background. Also, many e-learning Platforms in India have cropped up during this time. Some are free e-learning platforms while others are paid e-learning platforms.

But students do not have the resources to join these expensive courses online. Moreover, the quality of such courses should be taken with a pinch of salt. So, we have brought you the list of free government e-learning platformsthat are provided by the various departments of the Government of India.

The courses available on these websites are designed as per the rules of education authority in India like AICTE, UGC, MHRD and others. Thus, these resources can be relied upon for education purposes.

At School Level

SHAGUN Online Junction

Launched in 2019 by Ministry of Human Resource Development of Government of India.

Term Shagun is derived from two words, namely, ‘Shala’ meaning Schools and ‘Gunvatta’ meaning Quality.

It is one of the world’s largest Integrated Online Junction for School Education ‘Shagun’. As the name suggests, different websites and portals are brought together into a single platform so that students from schools can get different information at one place only.

It was launched to improve the school education system by bringing various activities under Department of School Education and Literacy in Government of India and all States and Union Territories under single platform.

The platforms under SHAGUN are:

·NROER

·DIKSHA

·E-PATHSHALA

National Repository of Open Educational Resources

It is a collaborative platform which brings together everyone interested in school and teacher education.

It provides:

·Open Education curriculumfor various subjects like Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Geography, History and other subjects.

·E-library for homogeneous collection of study resources in form of e-books. There are thousands of e-books available with images, interactives, audios, and videos.

·E-courses for online that contain topics from various subjects and lessons over such topics.

DIKSHA

It provides digital infrastructure for school education. It is an initiative of National Council of Education Research and Training (NCERT).

It provides the content by the following educational bodies:

·NCERT

·CBSE

·NIOS

·State/UTs Boards

The content is available in multiple languages and can be accessed by scanning the QR code given in the school textbooks. There are e-pdfs and explanatory videos available on the app that are uploaded by various contributory teachers for the students.

E-pathshala

It is also developed by NCERT and CIET. It provides multi lingual access to numerous resources including audios, videos, epubs and flipbooks. This platform can be easily accessed through laptop, desktop, tablets and smart phones.

Digital textbooks for all the classes from 1^st to 12^th are available on e-pathsala. It in one of the best government e-learning website.

Moreover, it hosts various events where students can participate like workshops, contests and festivals.

 

 

SWAYAM

It is a National Online Education platform launched on July 9 2017 by Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) to provide one integrated platform and portal for online courses.

SWAYAM stands for Study Webs of Active Learning for Young Aspiring Minds. It is a Massive open learning course (MOOC) platform under Digital India programme.

It covers 1st and 12^thclass syllabus as well as skill sector courses to ensure that every student in the country has access to the best quality higher education at the affordable cost.

It also provides courses for UG and PG courses.

SWAYAM PRABHA

32 high quality Educational channels through DTH are provided across the length and breadth of the country 24x7 basis.

It has curriculum-based course content covering diverse disciplines to make quality learning resources accessible to remote areas where internet connectivity is a challenge.

It is a lifeline for those students who cannot afford smart phones and internet.

At Graduate & Post-Graduate Level

e-PG Pathshala

It is Government e learning Websites for postgraduate courses. It was started by the Ministry of Education under NME-ICT (National Mission on Education through ICT) and the UGC.

On this platform e-content in almost 70 subjects across all disciplines of social science, arts, fine arts and humanities, natural and mathematical science and others are present.

There are high-quality text contents, illustrations, videos, tutorials, documents, PDFs, etc.

Under this initiative, three modules are present:

·E-Adhyayan: Here, 700+ e-books are provided for Post-Graduation courses along with video content.

·MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses): UGC-MOOCs produces courses for post graduate subjects.

·E-Pathya: It offers offline and distance-learning courses for postgraduate students. It is a software driven course/content package for higher education.

E-ShodhSindhu

It has been formed by merging three consortia initiatives, namely

·UGC-INFONET Digital library Consortium

·NLIST

·INDEST-AICTE Consortium

It provides current as well as archival access to more than 10,000 core and peer-reviewed journal and a number of bibliographic, citation and factual databases in different disciplines from a large number of publishers and aggregators to its member institutions.

All academic institutions like central and state universities and colleges can avail of the services provided.

For Technical Courses

NAPTEL Online Certification

National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning was established in 2014. It is a project funded by Ministry of Home Affairs Govt of India and managed by IIT Chennai. Other IIT institutions also contribute content to this government e-learning website.

It offers courses in Engineering, science, social sciences and humanities. Though, there is no course fee but fee is applicable to certification exams. There are 41 domains across 10 disciplines available on NAPTEL.

NAPTEL has been giving course level certificates and there have been quite a few students doing multiple courses from NAPTEL, which are not always connected. Hence, NAPTEL has linked various courses from different backgrounds that go together building on the foundations and then going in for the electives.

Virtual Labs

Virtual Labs is a Best Free eLearning Platform in India initiative of Ministry of Education under National Mission on Education through ICT.

It aims to provide remote access to virtual laboratories for students from science and engineering streams from both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. So that students can conduct experiments by arousing their curiosity.

It provides a complete Learning Management System where the students can avail the various tools for learning, video lectures, animated demonstrations and self-evaluation.

This consortium is conducted by IIT Delhi and has around 12 participating institutes. The project consists of 700+ web experiments and lab facilities under the supervision of experienced faculties

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How to Make Smart Notes for Competitive Exams?

Isn’t it the easiest thing? You read a topic and write down the main points. And like that your notes are ready.

But first of all, what do you mean by note-making and why do we need to learn about it? Let us find out the answers.

Note making is not about writing down everything you hear or read but is a very technical concept. It is a crucial process of reviewing, connecting, synthesizing and summarizing ideas from the lecture you attended or the study material you read.

Our mind works in wonderful ways; it does not remember everything especially when something is boring. That is why chances of remembering the dialogues of favourite movie are very high as compared to the history classes that we attended back in school or college.

In today’s cut throat competition and especially after inclusion of current affairs one need to remember study content way too much than is asked in exam. One needs to rely on smart work than hard work to excel in competitive exams.

You cannot jot down every piece of information that seems important. You need to filter and make smart notes to not just revise easily before exams but to also give you a quick glimpse of entire concept.

How notes help you?

• You stay active and engaged during your lecture. Focus on some words that are necessary.
• Sometimes the study material is very large and it gets difficult to remember large information hence, writing down the important points helps you remember in better way.
• Reading and revision in the last days before examination date.
• Helps in active learning.
• Keeping information handy.

Different methods of note-making

• Cornell method – mostly used for short information
• Mind maps – used for storing longer explanation with reference to graphic information by using lines, symbols, colour. It is a brain friendly concept.
• Table format – it is widely used when there is a lot of information and multiple things are to be covered for instance, names of national parks, amendments, legislation, acts etc.
• Flow chart – it is used for sequencing the data in an order. It helps to remember the flow of information.

Importance of note-making

• Note making is a very important as it involves us in the learning process. Let us look into other important reasons to start making notes immediately.
• Notes help you to understand and grasp the topic quickly.
• Whenever you read something, you have to write down important points as you cannot hold the entire information in your mind.
• Making notes allow us to reduce the information in manageable size it also helps during exam when we are studying a lot of material has to be covered.
• Those who write their notes seem to think more intensely about the topic as they write and it increases the concentration level.
• Handwritten notes in the form of snippets works wonders while revising and helps you during the last minutes of exam.
• It improves your memory and you can recall it faster when it is written by you in your own handwriting.
• Before start writing the notes, you should first listen or read that topic 2-3 times thoroughly and then write in your words. This will make sure that only important points are noted down. So, it has double benefit as not only you will remember it but it will also help you to be inspired by your focus.
• It will develop your writing and reading skills, as you read the content 2 to 3 times and then jump on writing it in your own words.

Steps to make SMART NOTES

• Gather all the material at one place. Never go writing on haywire when you see the information, take some time and read the concept thoroughly.
• Mark the most important information, now just understand the whole basic thing and divide the matter into parts and then start writing.
• Make notes of the main points and ideas affiliated to it under proper / suitable headings and add sub-points under sub-heading depending upon the concept of the paragraph.
• You may also use flow charts / diagrams.
• Make easy-to-go notes, with snippets covering all the major terms in the chapter. By this way, you will not miss out on important stuffs.
• Try to prepare notes by using phrases only, never write whole sentences.
• It should be concise and to the point, as shorter the sentence the easier to remember it.
• Highlight / underline only the key points.
• Use proper layouts/formats.
• Leave some space behind the paper so that you can add small details later if required.
• Use recognized abbreviations into the points to make it shorter wherever possible.
• Using different colors will not vex your brain but excess usage will do, remember TOO MUCH OF ANYTHING IS DANGEROUS.
• Certain colors have been linked to certain functions in the brain for example, Green color might allow for long-term concentration and clarity of concept, Blue color is linked to increase productivity.
• These colors may help in retention of information. Hence, keep the color scheme simple and try not to use more than 3 colors.

Now that we have read so much about making notes, it’s time to start using these techniques for best results. Remember that you cannot master note-making skills in a day. But sooner you include this habit in your studies better it would be for you.

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Learning and Development in Digital Age

One thing that has taken the world by storm during the coronavirus induced pandemic is the emergence of large number of online learning websites. Be it for the schools, colleges or the professional studies, the educational platforms are trying hard to provide knowledge to the next generation.

Digital world has made the learning process simple and inexpensive; as a result, the number of learners in this decade is far more than the earlier decades taken together.

But does this learning help with the overall development of the students?

Would it be right to replace the schools and colleges with the courses available on internet?

Let us discuss both the questions further in the article.

 

 

The Process of Learning

Anything that is new to us and we adapt it to make our lives better is called learning. New information or knowledge that we gather throughout our lives is nothing but learning in progress.

Learning is a lifelong process which begins from the movement we enter into the four walls of the school. Right from learning alphabets to writing codes for the next programming project or making art for exhibition, everything is included in the learning process.

To learn is to evolve. Throughout the history of mankind, humans have learned so much, is it making fire from stones or sending a spacecraft to Mars. Initially, humans learned how to survive but now the level of learning has increased manifold times.

What is Development?

Learning and development are two sides of a coin. Where leaning is gathering of knowledge, development corresponds to using the knowledge to improve one’s skills and experience.

In today’s world mere learning of textbooks would not get you anywhere in the life. With that you also need large number of skills like communication, awareness, technical skills and other factors to excel in your field.

E-learning websites provide students with an opportunity to both learn and develop their skills. But it does not mean that schools and colleges have lost their utility in the digital world.

Schools help children to lay down their foundation of learning. It teaches children to grasp information and also makes them socially active. Apart from that, there are sports and co-curricular activities that help in overall development of the children. All this is not possible through the online learning.

 

Role of E-learning websites

The online learning websites can help students to learn extra skills and courses that can help them in finding jobs or cracking exams.

For instance, colleges do not include courses on quantitative aptitude or English language as per the syllabus of various entrance exams. In such casese-learning websites come very handy.

Thus, online learning platforms complement what we learn during schools and colleges. It enhances our development process.

Some of the best e learning websites in India are:

Khan Academy

It is a free educational website that focuses on subjects from schools and many more courses are available. You can learn about Math, Art, Computer Programming, Physics and more. It was launched in 2008.

Unacademy

Students can prepare for various government exams on this website. There are good number of tutors that help you to clear your concepts and doubts related to any exam or subject.

Byjus

This e-learning platform also provides study material for school kids and also for various examination preparations. Video tutorials are also provided by this platform. It was founded in 2011 and is among the country’s most valuable private internet companies.

 

Coursera

It provides free courses for various fields like computer programming, art, photography, psychology, decision-making and more. The courses from top universities like Yale, Stanford and also from leading companies. It is one of the most sought-after platforms for professional development of a person. These courses help in the career of the people who can take their skills to next level.

Edx

This platform is one of the best e learning platformswhich were founded in 2012 by Harvard and MIT University. Various classroom programmes and courses are available on this platform. It is one of the best platforms to improve skills related to technical field like engineering, computer science, data science and other areas.

Conclusion

As we have seen that all the learning material is available on the internet and most of it could be accessed freely. But this does not negate the need of the schools and colleges as they have their own role in the lifespan of an educated human. However, one thing is for sure that now a person does not need to depend on others to learn and develop his skills.

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List of Important Descriptive Topics for 2021 Competitive Exams

Descriptive paper has become a significant factor in the rank of a student in government job examination these days. Be it SSC or Banking exam, descriptive paper is the last stage that student’s need to cross before their final selection.

In this article we have covered preparation tips and also the list of topics for upcoming descriptive examinations in 2021.

Here is the list of most important Descriptive Examination topics to help the students:

On Covid -19

·What is Corona Virus?

·How Social Distancing is an indispensable tool when it comes to breaking the chain of covid spread?

·What do we need to stop pandemics?

·Are we ready to face the next virus attack?

·Why viruses are so deadly to humans?

·Was the recent Covid -19 pandemic man made?

·Importance of robust healthcare system.

On Lockdown

·Lockdown – solution or problem?

·Lockdown experience – For students.

Online Education

·Is India ready to go online to solve the problem of remote education?

·How can e-learning be a boon for India?

·What are the limitations of e-learning in India?

On Technology

·What do you think about the new Privacy threat social medias are posing?

·Free Internet or Safe internet – is the choice justified?

·What are the benefits of 5G speed?

On Society

·Comment on the debate of growing intolerance in India.

·Farmer’s protest – are we leaving the masses behind?

·Mobile addiction is growing in kids – what can be done?

·Obesity is an upcoming threat – need of the hour.

·Importance of healthy lifestyle.

·Freedom of Speech

·Role of Gandhi ji in our country.

Evergreens

·Environmental Pollution

·Water Pollution

·Single Use Plastic

·Euthanasia – Legal or Illegal

·Uniform Civil Code

·Afforestation

·Disaster Management

·Women Empowerment

·Women Safety – are doing enough for them?

·Latest Government schemes.

The above is our list for some of the topics that you may see in your future descriptive examinations 2021.

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Tips to Get Good Marks in Descriptive Paper For Competitive Exams

Descriptive paper has become a deciding factor in the rank of a student in government job examination these days. Be it SSC or Banking exam, descriptive paper is the last stage that student’s need to cross before their final selection. One may be surprised to know that each year few students fail to make to the merit list because of the descriptive paper. Some students do not get good content to write or some students fail to articulate their thoughts. As a result, they fail badly and end up giving one more year for their dream job.

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Everyone who writes descriptive paper for exams thinks that he has written the best paper. But only few aspirants get good marks. Only those candidates who stick to the format and other guidelines get exemplary marks. Few tips to get the best score in descriptive paper are:

·Stick to the format and the word limit.

·Choose the languagefor exam wisely. If you think that your grammar is not good enough then don’t hesitate to take Hindi or other language for exam. Remember that marks do not depend on the language but on the content and format that you choose to write in the exam.

·Before start writing actual essay make the list of important points that you need to write. It ensures that no point is missed and also prevents your mind from wandering here and there.

·The introductory part should not be lengthy. Make sure you start with the accurate facts only.

·Do not write dates if there is any confusion regarding it.

·The Body should focus on only those facts and information that is asked in the given topic.

·The conclusion should summarize your essay and give suggestions. It should not contain any facts or random information.

·Do not try to add every bit of information that you have crammed for the exam.

·The most important thing is coherence in the essay paper. Your one line should link to the other line. Your one paragraph should lead to another paragraph. Nothing should be added randomly in the paper.

·Always read the newspaper so that you have some points to write even when topic comes out of blue.

 

How to Prepare for Descriptive paper?

First of all, you need to take away the fear of descriptive paper. You should treat the descriptive paper as a simple question and answer thing like that in your college days.

The examiner has asked you a question and you have to answer only that question. Nothing extra is needed. The golden rule of descriptive paper is that answer what is asked and not what you know. This way you can complete the given descriptive paper within word limit and also within the time limit.

Other than that, each paper has its own format and way to approach the paper. Similarly, descriptive paper also has a format and approach that you need to adhere to so that you get good marks.

The format of descriptive paper includes:

·Introduction - Here historical, philosophical or holistic view is included.

·Body – Here all the important facts, information and aspects of the topic are included.

·Conclusion – Here future way or suggestions are included.

Introduction and Conclusion should always be within 50 words and in single paragraph. Depending upon the word limit the body may include 2-3 paragraphs.

 

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Combined Defence Services Examination- Details and Syllabus

A career in Defence Services is the much sought after occupation today for those young and courageous youths of the country who are willing to dedicate their lives to defend the country and its people. The Combined Defence Services Examinationis the first test before they can join one of the best Defence forces in the world i.e. the Indian Armed Forces.

UPSC conducts the Combined Defence Services Examtwice every year generally in February and August for Recruiting officer’s for the Indian Military Academy, Naval Academy, Air Force Academy and Officers Training Academy.

Male candidates can join IMA, Naval and Air Force but for female candidates OTA in army is available.

The examination comprises of two stages:

First stage consists of written test and those who qualify the written test are called for interview by Service Selection Board (SSB) for Intelligence and Personality Test.

Age Limit, Sex and Marital Status

1. For IMA and Indian Naval Academy: Unmarried Male candidates having age not less than 18 years on 1st July and not more than 23 years on 2nd July in accordance with the year of examination are eligible.
2. For Air Force Academy: Male candidates having age not less than 19 years as on 1st July and not more than 23 years as on 2nd July in accordance with the year of examination (upper age relation of upto 26 years for candidates holding Commercial Pilot License issued by DGCA).
3. For Officer’s Training Academy: Male candidates (married or unmarried) and female candidates (unmarried and issueless widows or divorces who have not remarried) having age not less than 18 years as on 1st July and not more than 24 years as on 2nd July in accordance with the year of examination are eligible.

Education Qualification

1. For IMA/OTA a degree from a recognized university or equivalent.
2. For Naval Academy degree in engineering from a recognized university.
3. For Air Force Academy degree from a recognized university (with Physics and Mathematics at 10+2 level) or Bachelor of Engineering.

Syllabus

The written examination will be as follows:

Subject	Duration	No. of Ques.	Max Marks
English	2 hours	120	100
General Knowledge	2 hours	120	100
Elementary Mathematics	2 hours	100	100

 

The syllabus is broadly classified into three subjects namely – English, General Knowledge and Elementary Mathematics.

The level of questions in Mathematics is set according to the standard of matriculation i.e. 10th Standard. However, for other subjects, the level of questions will be of graduation level.

The syllabus for English Language is designed to test the basic understanding or English Language. Some of the topics are:

• Antonyms
• Synonyms
• Spotting Errors
• Sentence Improvement
• Word Substitution
• Selecting Words
• Comprehension
• Ordering of Sentences
• Ordering of words in a Sentence

 

The syllabus for General Knowledge is designed to test the candidate’s knowledge of current events happening in India and around the World. Some of the topics are:

• Current Awareness
• History
• Politics
• Economics
• Geography
• Environment
• Culture
• Biology
• Physics
• Chemistry
• Sports
• Books
• Defence
• Awards
• Personalities

 

The syllabus for Elementary Mathematics includes questions from Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry, Mensuration, Trigonometry and Statistics. Some of the topics included are:

1. Algebra
• Polynomials
• Factorisation
• HCF & LCM
• Quadratic Equations
• Identities based Questions
• Set Language and Set Notation
• Law of Indices
2. Number System
• Natural numbers
• Integers
• Rational and Real Numbers
• Fundamental operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
• Fractions
• Time and Work
• Percentage
• Simple interest and Compound Interest
• Profit and Loss
• Ratio and Proportion
3. Trigonometry
• Trigonometric Identities
• Heights and Distance
4. Geometry
• Lines and angles
• 2D figures
• Triangle and its properties
• Circle and its properties
• Quadrilaterals like parallelogram, rectangle, square or trapezium
5. Mensuration
• Areas of squares, rectangles, parallelograms, triangles or circles
• 3D figures like cubes and cuboids, Cones, cylinders or spheres.
6. Statistics
• Collection and Tabulation of Statistical Data
• Graphical Representation Frequency Polygons
• Histograms
• Bar Charts
  
  

 

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UPSC- Civil Services Examination Details and Syllabus

What is UPSC Exam?

The Civil Services Examination comprises of two successive stages:

Preliminary Examination: It consists of objective type questions for the selection of candidates for Mains Examination.

Main Examination: It consists of written examination and Interview for the selection of the candidates for the various services and posts.

 

Preliminary Examination

The examination shall comprise two compulsory papers of 200 marks each.

Both the question papers will be objective type i.e. multiple-choice questions.

The preliminary papers are set in both Hindi and English language.

This examination is meant to serve as a screening test only. The marks obtained in the Preliminary Examination by the candidates who are declared qualified for the Main Examination will not be counted for determining their final order of merit.

There is also negative marking for every wrong answer.

The number of candidates to be admitted to the Main Examination will be about twelve to thirteen times the total approximate number of vacancies to be filled in the year in the various services and posts. Only those candidates who are declared by the Commission to have qualified in the Preliminary Examination in the year are eligible for writing the Main Examination of that year.

A candidate is required to appear for both Paper 1 and Paper 2 to get his papers evaluated. Therefore, a candidate will be disqualified in case he/she does not appear in either of them.

Main Examination

The candidates who have cleared the Preliminary Examination can appear for the main examination. This exam consists of total nine papers.

This examination tests the thorough knowledge of a candidate about its surroundings. Nowadays, the questions are generally based on the current events. However, the questions are not straightforward and require comprehensive and coherent approach while answering the questions.

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Let’s know the details about the syllabus below:

Preliminary Examination Syllabus

Syllabus of Paper I (200 marks)

Duration: Two Hours

·General knowledge and Current Events

·History of India and Indian National Movement

·Indian and World Geography - Physical, Social, Economic Geography of the India and the World

·Indian Polity and Governance - Constitution, Political System Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues etc

·Economic and Social Development - Sustainable Development, Poverty - inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives etc

·General Issues on Environmental Ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate Change - that do not require subject specialisation.

·General Science.

Syllabus for Paper II (200 marks)

Duration - Two Hours

·Interpersonal Skills including Communication Skills

·Logical Reasoning and Analytical Ability

·Decision Making and Problem Solving

·General Mental Ability

·Basic Numeracy

·Numbers and their Relations, Order of Magnitude, etc

·Data Interpretation

·Charts, Graphs, Tables, Data Sufficiency etc

Mains Examination Syllabus

Qualifying Papers

Paper A: (Marks - 300) One of the Indian languages to be selected by the candidate from the languages included in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution

Paper B: (Marks-300): The paper will be based on the English language of Matriculation or equivalent standard.

Both these papers are of the qualifying nature and marks obtained will not be counted for the ranking.

Merit Papers

Paper I: (Marks-250): Essay

Paper II: (Marks-250 : General Studies-I

Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society

Paper III: (Marks-250): General Studies-II

Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International Relations

Paper IV: (Marks-250): General Studies-III

Technology, Economic Development, Bio-diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management

Paper V: (Marks-250): General Studies-IV

Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude

Paper VI: (Marks-250): Optional Paper-1

Paper VII: (Marks-250): Optional Paper-2

Sub Total -- Written Test --1750 Marks

Personality Test -- 275 Marks

Grand Total -- 2025 Marks

List of Optional Subjects for Main Examination

1. Agriculture

2. Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science

3. Anthropology

4. Botany

5. Civil Engineering

6. Commerce and Accountancy

7. Economics

8. Electrical Engineering

9. Geography

10. Geology

11. History

12. Law

13. Management

14. Mathematics

15. Mechanical Engineering

16. Medical Science

17. Philosophy

18. Physics

19. Political Science and International Relations

20. Psychology

21. Public Administration

22. Sociology

23. Statistics

24. Zoology

25. Literature of any one of the following

Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santhali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telegu, Urdu and English.

Get in touch with Best Educational Websites in India to get detailed information about all the all the leading Government Examinations like – UPSC (Civil Services, CAPF, etc.), SSC (CGL, CHSL, CPO, MTS, etc.), Banking (IBPS, SBI RBI, PO and SO and Clerk), Railways and many more exams.

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PROS and CONS and SCOPE of ONLINE COURSE PLATFORM in INDIA

Pros and Cons of the Online Education

Due to the inevitable hindrance, there has been a growing need of introducing online educational platform. Though traditional education system of brick and mortar still has its own significance, but, E-learning or an online course provides more convenience then the former. Where you only need availability of smart phone and a good speedy internet connection facility.

Pros of the Online Education

1. Online education or online courses are way much cheaper than offline mode of education.

2. It saves time of commuting, money we pay as fare and most importantly energy of students we invest to attend offline classes. By this we can effectively work more and allocate much time to pursue other activities. Thus, it is time and cost effective.

3. Learning has no age with the introduction of this platform where from a school student to adult person can study any suitable course. Even a far living person who does not have facilities like school/college/institutes and cannot come to cities can pursue education in order to achieve their goals. Thus, it proves to be efficient accessibility.

4. It allows women, downtrodden classes, and deprived people to achieve education and challenge the traditional ideologies and norms by breaking the barriers both geographically and socially.

5. It helps in imparting knowledge to physically disabled people. Those who cannot step outside due to any form of disability can open the doors of learning at home and can procure degrees, diplomas and build their career online courses effectively.

6. Online educational platforms offer more individual attention and you meet people from diverse culture.

7. Online courses impart you real world skills with top class educator.

8. Online courses have so many features to help each and every student whether it is queries or doubt. There is a feature of chat room, comment facility, e-mail etc to facilitate effortless learning.

 

Cons of the Online Education

1. Lack of social interaction - social interaction is necessary to build a healthy social life and with online learning we have to forgo the opportunity to socialize.

2. The digital divide – the major challenge in virtual learning is disparity in access to electricity, internet connection and lack of Smartphone’s and computers is very vast. Many people do not have access to required device and internet connection especially in rural India.

3. Smartphone & other devices – both mobile and computer are preferable for attending lectures. But only 25-30% Indian owns a Smartphone which supports the application of virtual learning. Only 11-15% of household possess any type of computer, tablets, palmtop etc.

4. Access to internet –India where access to the internet is pitifully low, the access to internet facility is only confined to 27% of Indian household. While 66% of India’s population lives in villages, only a little over 23% of rural households have access to internet connection. For urban household the proportion is 42%.

5. Among the poorest 20% households, only 2.7% have access to a computer and 8.9% to internet connection. In case of the top 20% households, the proportions to have access to a computer 27.6% and 50.5% to access internet connection.

6. Online courses are easier to procrastinate and it becomes burden if you do not learn simultaneously. These courses give you more freedom, perhaps more than you can handle.

7. Online courses require good time management skills.

8. A conductive environment for study is necessary. While 37% of households in India have one dwelling room.

9. Online courses do not have an instructor hounding, to keep you motivated and focused towards your study.

10.It can make children addict of technology and excess use of technology can impact the mind & health of young adults.

Technology is the way ahead

There has been a significant shift from thinking digital to being digitaland it has probably blessed us with many advantages to internet-based courses, but we need to be more developed to accelerate the pace of online learning. There are several steps required to revamp the existing structure of online learning.

Also, what is need is to devise a quality benchmark for education. Urban, rural and underserved hinterlands should be provided equal platform to serve growth in overall development of educational structure. This sector will surely grow in near future due to many factors associated with it. Government should also encourage startups to come up with new ideas and start their business in this growing sector.

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Best Books and Preparation Material for UPSC Civil Services Exam

The Civil Services Examination is a coveted exam for which many students appear every year. Before starting the preparation, it is necessary to go through the books and materials present for the UPSC exam preparationso that a student can decide how to start his preparation.

These days most students prefer online preparation for examination. You can join UPSC online classes to start your preparation. However, one cannot ignore the importance of the books and study material for the examination.

There are a plenty of books and study material available in the market, but opting for the best is very necessary to get an edge ahead of others. In this blog, we will discuss about books and study material that are the best complement your online preparation for examination.

Subjects and Their Study Materials

Books for CSE prelims examination-

1.Indian Polity- Start with the books of Political Science of NCERT.

a.Indian Polity (M. Lakshmikanth).

b.Introduction to Indian Constitution (D.D Basu).

2.History-NCERT books of History

a.India’s Struggle for independence (Bipan Chandra) and

b.Facets of Indian Culture (Spectrum).,

c.Modern history (Norman Lowe)

d.CCRT website.

3.Geography-NCERT books

a.World atlas

b.Certificate Physical geography (G.C. Leong),

c.Shakar IAS notes for Environment and Ecology.

4.Economics-The basic economy of Class IX and XII.

a. Indian Economics by Ramesh Singh,

b. Sriram IAS notes.

c. Recent Economic Survey.

5.International Relations- Keep reading Current affairs and world Affairs.

6.Civil Services Aptitude Test-

a. Tata McGraw Hill CSAT manual,

b. CSAT II- Arihant,

c. Verbal and Non- Verbal Reasoning R.S. Aggrawal.

Books for mains-

1.History, Indian Heritage & Culture (GS paper 1)-

a. An Introduction to Indian Art Part 1: Textbook in Fine Arts for Class XI,

b. India’s Struggle for Independence by Bipan Chandra,

c. India after Independence by Bipan Chandra,

d. History of Medieval India by Satish Chandra,

e. Ancient India by R.S Sharma

2.Geography (GS paper 1)-

a. Geography of India by Majid Husain,

b. World Geography by Majid Husain,

c. World Atlas,

d. Certificate Physical and Human Geography – G C Leong,

e. Fundamentals of Physical Geography NCERT Class 11.

3.Polity and International Relation (GS paper 2)-

a. Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth,

b. Introduction to the Constitution of India by DD Basu,

c. India’s Foreign Policy by Rajiv Sikri

4.Indian Economy-

a. Indian Economy – Ramesh Singh

b. Current affairs related to RBI

c. Sriram IAS notes for economy.

5.Ethics (GS Paper 4)-

a. Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude for Civil Services Main Examination by Subba Rao and P.N. Roy Chaudary.

Apart from these books, you are required to keep a very keen eye on Current affairs for online exam preparation,for that you can try-

-Read a Newspaper daily to stay updated. You may start with The Hindu. Indian Express and Economic Times.

-Try using some websites such as- GK today, Cloud Affairs, ADDA 247 etc. these sites are very helpful.

-You can also read the Vision IAS or Insight IAS monthly magazine to add more points to your mains answer.

-You may go for some YouTube channel, which provide updated news and updates about various national and international events.

-Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha Debates. These debates would clarify various pro and con points related to any topic.

-Any magazine such as Yojana or Kurukshetra. What steps the government is taking and any new scheme that is launched by the government are thoroughly covered in these magazines.

After covering all these things, do not forget to focus on the following mentioned things too-

-Latest economic survey

-Budget

-Finance commission report

-Census

-Annual reports by central ministries

-Niti ayog major policies

-Law commission’s report etc.

Conclusion

There is abundant material to prepare from. What you really need to clear the most difficult examination of the country is dedication, persistency and perseverance. This examination is simply not just about how much you know, but also about how much effort you can put in and how much you understand the events happening around you.

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How to clear government exam in first attempt?

In today’s world every young aspirant desires to have a safe and secure future in the government sector. The government jobsseem to attract young generation because they can have got a coveted post and have a bright future for them. That’s why most of them prefer government jobs over any private job.

Many government sectors like Staff selection commission exam, UPSC Civil service exam, banking exam and Railway exam are the best option for the aspirants. However, it is easier to set a goal then to secure the name in the merit list.

It requires arduous practice and determination to convert your goals into reality. Right from the beginning of the preparation phrase, one must decide which position they want in public sector because it’ll help candidates to identify exact selection procedure and know steps involved.

Getting a government job is a dream of majority of Indians. The given points will help you in your ways to get closer to make your dream a reality. Keep these top-notch tips in mind to crack government exam:

 

1. Get detailed syllabus -It is the most crucial part of any preparation you must have proper knowledge of syllabus prior you prepare any strategy as it can changes any year. It also helps you to evaluate the kind and type questions that can be asked in the exam and be prepared for that. It is necessary to understand the pattern of the exam before starting the preparation. Subjects like Math, English; general awareness must be covered elaborately as per syllabus and need consistent practice.

2. Previous year paper – Previous year papers of a particular exam plays a vital role in any preparation as it gives you clearer vision of what type of questions are being asked in examination. By doing so you can evaluate yourself as per the level of exam. Try to solve previous year question papers in stipulated time and have an idea to analyze the exam you are preparing for. After going through the paper refer some good books that are summarize the topics.

3. Focus on Concepts – Conceptual clearance is the key when you understand the pattern and syllabus asked in examination it becomes easy to prepare yourself. You have to decide your strong and weak zones so that you can give required time to learn the basic concepts and formulas. Thus, every concept must be thoroughly understood so that you are able to solve the problems in mock tests. Remember that the cramming of the questions will not lead you anywhere.

4. Guidance before preparation –Before starting anything makes sure your vision is clear. There is a plethora of material to dig into and get prepared for the exam. Don’t rely on the single source and always gain knowledge from multiple sources, ask your seniors, other government job candidates, coaching friends etc. In addition to that, there are several online learning websites, forum, mobile application that helps in your study and achieve your dream.

5. Test series & question banks – One thing that would definitely help you in the exam is the mock test /test series with good amount of genuine questions. You should make it a habit to solve at least one test series daily to keep yourself updated and check on your performance. Mock tests are integral part of any preparation through which helps to caliber the weak and strong areas and enhance your accuracy ultimately, make improvement accordingly.

6. Online or offline mode – Before starting the preparation there is dilemma amongst students whether to choose coaching or not? Both classroom and online study has their own merits. You may take coaching if you think you are facing problems during preparation or may take help from YouTube and online courses. Well, in coaching classes there is fixed time table and they also provide us some extra knowledge regarding the subjects, exam etc., but at the same time one has to focus on study on their own. If one attends coaching classes then also one would have to spend more time on self-study.

7. Time management – Time plays a crucial role in your selection. You must use it wisely. The Management of the available time before exam is of utmost importance. Have well defined routine to follow and put it somewhere you can see it easily & strictly follow. Provide each subject a strategically managed time also revision must be managed. During exam you must solve questions within time frame hence; you must practice with timer so that you’ll know how to work under pressure. Candidate must figure out which section is important and scoring and how much time slot you must devote during exam.

·Total 7-8 hours daily study is sufficient for good preparation

·Set the target time to complete the topic

·Make notes during study, which helps in the last time of exam

·Make a study plan and try to finish your syllabus 1 month before exam

·Find out weak and strong section or topic and work on it will initially improve your score and boost your confidence

Always remember, all questions in exam are not possible to attempt hence, allot your time to the questions that you are 100% sure as there is a negative marking as well.

8. General knowledge– It is the section which is comes in every competitive examand have limitless syllabus. For enhancing general knowledge keep track of happenings in the world. Candidates can refer NCERT books 6-10 class History, Geography, Science and Social Science etc. Also, go through the daily newspapers like The Hindu, Hindustan times, Economics Times.

9. Revision–Revision goes hand in hand with studying new topics so that you don’t forget what you had studied earlier. After completing topics you must spare some time to revise the attempted questions and left out if any. Making small notes would help you in memorizing everything but also helps in revision.

 

10.Stay motivated and focused– Last but not least, stay positive, confident and focused towards your goals and have patience it is the only key to crack any government exam. Always wake up with the goal in your mind and motivate yourself to cover the topics as planned. Remember stressing out would not help you in any way. Stay determined, work smart and achieve. Your dedication and the intensity you put in will decide your success.

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Preparing English Language for Government Exams

English language plays a very determining part in any government exam. If you’re aspiring for any such examination, you need to have a good command over English language.

There are some examinations, where questions are provided in Hindi or Regional languages also, but the fact remains, that there is a separate section in every exam where your knowledge of English is tested. This section carries no option for any other language, so you are kind of stuck in it.

To ease this difficulty, you need to lay down special emphasis over your language preparation so that you don’t lose marks due to lack of knowledge of English. Now, if you’re someone who is not too good at English or is average in studies, you need not to worry. Just follow some tips and keep up the hard work, soon you’ll have the knowledge that you seek. So, let’s get started!

1. Grammar- Grammar is the main essence of any language and to know a language you must have command over grammar part. The day you realize that you need to prepare for English, the first step you should be doing is, to ace its grammar. To understand the question or to answer the question, you need to know about how sentences are formed and what they mean. Do not directly go for heavy-heavy books of grammar, start with basic school books. Start with learning Part of Speech, Tenses, Narration and Voice. At first learn the rules then try to apply them in practical life. Once you start getting familiar with the rules, focus on things like Modals, Prepositions, Adjectives, Gerund, and Infinitive etc. In a few months, you’ll notice a change in your orientation. You will have knowledge of rules and their application. Then you can try some standard books of grammar such as Wren & Martin orS.P.Bakshi.

Click here to learn Basics of English.

 

2. Vocabulary- Once you get an idea about the grammar, you must go for Vocabulary. Start with learning the words which you use daily, try to know the name of things that you use daily. Grab any dictionary and try to learn as many new words as you can. But remember to revise and use those words, otherwise you’ll forget them soon. A very good source of learning new words can be newspapers. I would also suggest you to listen to English Songs, Podcasts and videos; they introduce you with new meanings every day. Apart from this, you can search for specific pdfs of Vocabulary for your exam; there are plenty of those available on the internet. A very standard book for Vocabulary is "Word Power Made Easy "by Norman Lewis. This book covers 85% of your vocabulary if you grasp a hold on it. Always prepare Synonyms and Antonyms for every word, some questions are asked on this part also.

 

Bonus Tips- Every person has capacity of learning new words. Some find it difficult to retain a lot of words. Here are two things that you can do-

(1) Divide the words in negative or positive tone. For example- Optimistic, Sanguine, Buoyant etc. are words which denote something positive, whereas Acerbic, Scanting, Vicious, Caustic etc. are the words which give negative tone. You can just remember the tone of the word. When such word comes in a passage, you can easily determine whether it is saying something positive or negative.

(2) Try to learn root words, for example- such as ‘Bene’means good, ‘Bio” means life, ‘Aqua” means water and ‘Mal’ means bad. Whenever any word starts with these root words, you will automatically get the meaning.

3.Comprehension- In many exams, we see unseen passages and paragraphs for comprehension. You have to read the passage thoroughly and understand what it says. Then the passage is followed by some questions, which you have to answer. In these questions, they can ask you to give general answers or to give the title of the passage or they can ask meaning of some words. To attempt these questions perfectly, you need to practice comprehension daily. Buy any book for practice or check on internet for daily passages. Try to attempt them in as less time as possible. Read the passage thoroughly and then move to the questions. Do not miss the central idea as it helps you to decide the title. Watch English Movies for better understanding of context, it also helps.

4.Spellings- Do not underestimate spellings in any examination. Sometimes questions are asked to correct the spelling, and the options are very confusing. To attempt such questions, you must memorize the spellings very well. Also, when you write subjective answers, you are judged by your spelling too. Bad spelling makes a bad impression upon the examiner.

5.Newspapers- A lot of people would have suggested you to start your preparation of English language by reading newspapers. However, I would suggest that one must know the grammar and the vocabulary first, so that when you start a newspaper, you understand it better. As a beginner, start by some light newspapers such as Economic Times and gradually move towards The Hindu or The Indian Express. Look very carefully at the new words that you find in the newspaper, and learn how to create better sentence structure. Do not read too much in a day, read only that much which you can memorize in a day. Continue this for about 6 months, and you’ll see a drastic change in your English.

6.Write what you learn- When you learn a new word, or you learn a new way of sentence formation, always make short notes of that thing. Because when we write something, we memorize that thing even better. You can make some flash cards or you can write those words in a notebook. Either way, doesn’t forget to write them.

7.Shape your knowledge- Once you learn plenty of words, grammar and rules of English language, it’s time to shape your knowledge. You might be thinking, that ‘How I’ll shape my knowledge”? Well! Recognize the area which requires work and revise the portion which you know the best. For example- if you have good command over grammar, but are weak in vocabulary, give less time to grammar and focus more on vocabulary. Make a routine and identify your strengths and weaknesses. Once you know that how much have you covered and how much is left, you’ll know how to cover those left things.

Hopefully this article guides you in some way!

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How to prepare for UPSC: A beginner’s guide

A career in Administrative Services tends to be the goal of thousands of people. When a person decides that he/she wants to get selected in Civil Services Examination, they barely have any idea about the environment of the completion. This examination is very prestigious in it and falls under the category of one of the toughest exams of the country.

If you truly want to clear the examination and face the competition, you are required to put your 100% efforts. Now, there are a lot of people, who put their effort but miss the mark, it happens because the efforts you put needs to be in the right direction with right management and right guidance. By the end of today’s blog, you’ll be learning how to place your efforts effectively, when to place them and where to emphasize the most.

1. Self-Study- When we think about preparing for an examination like UPSC, the very first thing you must do is to prepare yourself. Now, this is a very crucial step which most of the people are not aware of. What it is that you need to manage your studies on your own. Preparation of Civil Services Examination drains the aspirant completely, both physically and mentally. So if you want to stand out in the crowd of thousands of other aspirants, you need to work on yourself first. Eat healthy, drink plenty of liquids, get a sound sleep of around 6-7 hours, keep breathing in fresh air , try meditation and do some activities to keep your mind relax and body happy.

 

2. Know the syllabus- A lot of aspirants directly join coaching institutes or classes without having an idea about the basics of the examination. Instead of doing this, you should get the overview of the examination first. The Civil services Examination takes place in three steps-

·The Prelims- This is the first step; it comprises of two examinations in total. One isGeneral Studies exam and the other is Civil Service Aptitude Test. The general studies exam consists of total 100 questions for 200 marks. These questions are in MCQ pattern. The total time allotted is 2 hours. For every wrong answer ‘one-third’ of the total marks allotted to that question is deducted. This exam checks the retention ability and conceptual knowledge of the aspirant. The CSAT is an aptitude exam, which checks the logical reasoning, aptitude and problem-solving skills of the candidate. It has 80 questions for 200 marks to be solved in 2 hours. The negative marking scheme is same as the former. The objective of the Prelims exam is to check the understanding of the candidate regarding the History, Polity, and Geography, Science and Technology and the Current events taking place in the country.

·The Mains- When a candidate qualifies the prelims as per the cut off marks, he then appears for mains exam. This is a subjective exam that checks the writing skills of the candidates. Here, the in-depth knowledge of the candidates regarding various topics and events are tested. A candidate is required to have multi-dimensional knowledge of the historical, political and the current events happening in the country. It has a total of 9 papers covering almost all the general subjects under the sun.

·The Interview- This is the final stage of the examination, clearing which makes you a Civil Services officer. This test assesses the personality, psychology, mental caliber and decision-making skills of the candidate. Most of the times, students are so engrossed in preparing for the prelims and mains examinations that they do not give proper time for the preparation of this stage. Avoid this mistake to get your name in the merit list.

 

3. Focus on Concepts- Once you’re familiar with the exam pattern and syllabus, start preparing. Either you’re preparing for prelims or mains; you need to focus most on the concepts of the respective subject. Your syllabus and concepts are the most important part of your preparation. If you just mug up the syllabus, it will not help you. You need to have brilliant understanding of the subject so that you will be able to answer any question from that particular topic. There are some tricky questions sometimes, and conceptual knowledge is necessary to solve them.

 

4. Take Guidance- When you start your preparation, always take guidance from someone who has the relevant knowledge. It may be your teachers, your parents, you friends, relatives, mentors and past year achievers. This helps you in the term of motivation and knowledge. They’ll introduce you to the practical aspect of the examination, subject or your career.

 

5. Make a Routine- Now, comes the management of you time and resources. A very significant component of the preparation is how you manage your time. An ideal routine is , where you give all of your subjects equal time in the week or in the 10 days, where you take 6-7 hours of fine sleep, where you give some time to yourself and where you take some time to revise what you have learned. Make a nice time table and follow that, no matter what. Do not procrastinate your work, because it you break the rhythm once it’ll be hard for you to make that again. Keep a consistency in your time. If you study 6 hours a day only, continue those 6 hours on a daily basis.

 

6. Read Newspapers- Make a habit of reading any English newspaper everyday. It will not only increase your general knowledge but will also help you to speed up your reading game. You’ll be amazed by the results if you continue it for about 6 months only. The newspapers enhance your vocabulary and make you habitual of reading everyday. Lay down special emphasis upon the editorial column and look at the writing styles to make you answers more creative and presentable.

 

7. Use Every Source Possible- In today’s world you have no scarcity of sources. You have hundreds of books, magazines and websites providing all the things you need. Widen your scope, and try to get the best knowledge which you can.

 

8. Choose Your Optional Subject wisely-In the UPSC you have a choice of two optional subjects. You must choose those subjects which are of your interest and in which you have core knowledge. If done rightly, you can score so well in these optional subjects. You just need to recognize your strengths and weaknesses in respect of a subject and to choose ‘your best subject’.

9. Test Series and Question Banks- Once you memorize your subjects and move further in your preparation, use a test series to give daily mocks. These mocks improve you speed, increase you attempts and teach you time management. If you’re familiar with sitting for 2 hours for these mocks, you’ll feel familiar with the main exam. Apart from these mocks, solve past year question papers. There is a lot of repetition in questions every year, so do not miss a chance to score in these repeated questions.

 

10.Personality Development- This is the part that most of us skip. Apart from academics, the final stage of this examination is personality interview. You need to prepare for this as well. Groom yourself, work on your public speaking skills, work on your pronunciation and be confident. Some people clear the prelims and the mains easily but fail to clear the interview. From the very first day when you start your preparation, devote some time for your overall personality development weekly on daily.

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How to prepare current affairs and for government exams

Current affairs along with general knowledge are an integral part of any government or competitive exams. Now a days it holds a significant weightage in any exam. It has such a limitless syllabus that even when you study it daily, you would not be able to complete it thoroughly. Since it is a vast subject and you have to indulge in other subjects as well so you cannot excel at it unless you have thirst to know more.

It is an independent section and students try to cover general knowledge from various sites and use multiple resources. As a result, they end up getting confused because it has wide range of topics which can overlap. Although there are number of magazines, apps, books and newspaper that can add value to government examination.

Recent examinations analysis of SSC, UPSC andRailway Banking Examsshows that the numbers of questions from the current affairs are increasing every year. In UPSC CSE exam, even the general knowledge questions from History and Polity are based on the current events that took place in the last year.

Also, in SSC the current affairs question can be asked from any event, national or international, that took place in the last six months. This explains the importance of the current affairs for the government examinations.

Hence, here are some tips to equip you for current affairs for competitive exams:

Books: Books are the widely used and reliable source for preparing current affair. There are a lot of books available universally online, offline, shopping portals.

Magazines:Magazines have become a trusted source of G.K and current affairs for a very long time. It keeps track on the most of the events happening around the world. Some of them are, topper success review, discuss about interview, group discussion, personal interview post exam, Some magazines also use provide the study material, like geography of India, constitution of India, economy and politics. It is available bi-lingual to reach maximum number of students.

Apps & Websites: Websites & apps are widely available as now everyone has access to internet and there are various applications which provide 10-20 summarized bi-lingual current affair for quick read. It improves the knowledge. Besides, also watch news channel regularly because it is easy to remember events through visuals.

Quizzes: Quizzes are also effective in remembering current affair. Time quiz section that test student is another key to learn things as hundreds of new things happen every day.

Newspaper:Newspaper is the best source to prepare for any exam as it covers everything on day to day basis. Regular reading makes you effective reader which will help you in exam and you will be aware of each and every aspect. It will give in depth knowledge of political, national, business, sports, regional and international happenings. Some of the best newspapers are The Hindu, Indian express, and others. It not only helps you to stay up to date but improves your English, vocabulary, reading & understanding skills.

International organizations:World’s major economic organizations like IMF, WTO, WB, IMO are important with exam point of view you must know their functioning, structure. Major political global groups like UN regional groups ASEAN, SAARC. You are expected to prepare about their headquarters, chairperson or any other major reform/event that took place.

YouTube: It has become the most favorite spot to gain knowledge. Any topic can be easily found & helps you immensely to revise current affairs and for the last-minute preparation, you just need to find a best channel for you to learn from videos and tutorial. Also give online mock test to test how much you know and make note of new points it is very essential as you cannot waste time by searching and reading it again and again.

Important topics that need to be covered for general knowledge are:

Recent scientific and technical innovation

Core subjects like polity, geography, economics, and history

Economic / business related issues

National and international social political issues

Environmental and ecological issues

Sports and films affairs

Regulatory body information

"The blend of hard work and time management makes a perfect solution for cracking any exam”.

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